Hardware

Getting started with memory layouts So in previous blog post on solving CTF challenge created by me on real alike firmware, I did not touched subject of u-boot bootloader in depth and how such firmware was created in first place. Welcome back here again today you will see steps to create your own firmware for qemu and making it work with u-boot. Many of the stuff you might have encoutered during computer science class and you will be amazed how the concepts of fundamental system architecture and operating system works in action....

Few months ago I had released a challenge on IoT/Embeded security and put it up on various places inorder to allow people to solve it. Sadly long wait is over and now covid-19 in on rise gloablly there is no interests to solve it even in quarantine. So to give justice to my work I am putting up this write up together which you can follow along to learn and solve my challenge....

Introduction CAN (Controller Area Network) is a vehicle bus protocol standard which allows microcontrollers and ECU (electronic control units) to communicate which each other without a host computer. It is a message-based protocol, designed originally for multiplex electrical wiring within automobiles to save on copper, but can also be used in many other contexts. But why CAN you may ask, because it’s low-cost error less since via single CAN interface ECU can communicate with each through the centralized system with less wiring involved and data is transferred over digital signal instead of analog so it reduces chances of error occurrence....

Introduction In IoT/Hardware security it is common practice of dumping firmware/bootloader data inorder to perform reverse engineering for closed source system applications. Well known easiest way is to download .bin/.zip (packed firmware) files from device manufacturer’s website which they provide to end users for firmware upgrade operations. And later us hackers/security researchers throw these files to reverse engineering softwares such as binwalk to check it’s contents and extract the needed stuff....